US+History+Building+A+New+Nation+1793+to+1848

 **Unit 3 The New Nation ** • In 1789 Congress created: • The Department of State • The Department of the Treasury • The Department of War • The Office of the Attorney General The modern Cabinet has fifteen heads of departments, as well as a number of other important officials. Secretaries of Agriculture, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, and Homeland Security are among some of the other Cabinet members who now sit with the original cabinet departments. **__Financing the New Government __** • Once a new government was established, a consistent source of revenue had to be found to pay for all the projects the national government would undertake. •__ James Madison __ proposed taxing imports and thus the __Tariff of 1789__ was created. • __ Alexander Hamilton’s __ financial plan began with the new government paying back the bonds that the Continental Congress had sold to finance the Revolutionary War at full face value. • There was considerable Congressional opposition to Hamilton’s plan. **__The Bank of the United States __** • Alexander Hamilton wanted a bank to manage the accounts of the US government. •Southerners opposed the bank because they thought Northerners would control it. Others opposed it on the grounds that it was not an “**__enumerated power__**” (wasn’t spelled out in the Constitution). Hamilton argued that it was covered under Article I Section 8 Clause 18 the “necessary & proper clause” and it was therefore an “**__implied power__**”

**__Partisan Politics __**

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt; language: en-US; line-height: normal; margin: 5.3pt 0in 0pt 1.75in; text-indent: -0.5in;">**__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Jay’s Treaty 1794 __**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">– treaty between the U.S. and England that: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; language: en-US; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 2.25in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">A. gave the U.S. “favored nation status” in regards to trading with England, B. guaranteed England’s withdraw from posts/forts in the northwest, and C. gave U.S. commercial access to the West Indies. D. Helped the two countries avert another war (which neither wanted at the time due to England’s ongoing war with France and the United States’ need grow it’s infant industries). <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt; language: en-US; line-height: normal; margin: 5.3pt 0in 0pt 1.75in; text-indent: -0.5in;">**__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">It didn’t __**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">:   <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; language: en-US; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 2.25in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">A. do anything about the Canadian-Maine border or B. Deal with the issue of pre-Revolutionary War debts or C. Prevent England from stopping U.S. ships bound for France or from removing their cargo.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; language: en-US; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Pickney’s Treaty of 1795 __** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; language: en-US; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In an effort to settle any outstanding disagreements with the US, Spain initiated treaty negotiations. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Spain was hoping to remove the possibility of the US joining with England and targeting Spain’s holdings in North America as punishment for Spain siding with France in its war against England. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The treaty gave the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi River and to use the port of New Orleans without paying duties. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The treaty set the northern border of Florida (which Spain still owned). <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Restored some measure of prestige and honor to Washington’s administration after the disastrous reception given the Jay Treaty. It allowed Washington to go forward with a degree of dignity that Jay’s failure had seriously undermined. It gave him stature (which, when he delivered his Farewell Address, added weight to his image as a statesman).

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; language: en-US; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**//__<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Washington’s Farewell Address __//** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; font-size: 14pt; language: en-US; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• //<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In early 1796, President George Washington decided not to seek reelection for a third term and began drafting this farewell address to the American people. The address went through numerous drafts, in large part due to suggestions made by Alexander Hamilton. // <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• //<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In the 32-page handwritten address, Washington urged Americans to be wary of the negative effects that political parties and regional distinctions can have on the body politic. In foreign affairs, he warned against the entangling alliances of European nations. // <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• //<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The address was printed in Philadelphia’s American Daily Advertiser on September 19, 1796. Washington’s final manuscript is at The New York Public Library. //  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> ** // __ John Adams Becomes President __ // **// (but isn’t becoming as president)  // <span style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• Federalist John Adams narrowly defeated Republican Thomas Jefferson to become the 2nd president of the United States (71 to 68). <span style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• The **//__Quasi War__//** with France was caused by French Foreign Minister Talleyrand demanded a bribe of $250,000 to start negotiations. The “XYZ Affair” started the US chanting “millions for defense, not one penny for tribute”. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">• The **//__Alien & Sedition Acts-__//** Federalists sponsored legislative aimed at ending recent immigrant influence in elections (Alien Acts) and ending free speech that criticized the government (Sedition Act). These laws were seen as attempts by the Federalists to end political debate in the country and were seen by many as blatantly unconstitutional.